This book provides a structured overview of the regulatory framework governing real estate valuation in the United States. It explains the historical development of appraisal oversight, the role of federal and state regulators, and the interaction between valuation standards and lending institutions. Emphasis is placed on compliance expectations, documentation discipline, and risk mitigation for financial institutions. Written for practitioners, reviewers, and regulators alike, the text bridges theory and practice while highlighting common pitfalls observed in examinations and audits.